Ecological conflicts in Poland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Włodzimierz Kurek  Robert Faracik  Mirosław Mika 《GeoJournal》2001,55(2-4):507-516

Transformation of the political system, observed in Poland for 10 years in connection with economic restructuring and basic socio-economic reforms to harmonise with European Union structures, is also evident in terms of environmental management. Pollution has been reduced in many ways but the rise in living standards, linked with the rapid growth of cars and other forms of consumption, has had a negative effect and environmental conditions have deteriorated in the central areas of large cities. The growth of waste water and refuse is a considerable problem. More areas are now officially protected and the three levels of local government established at the beginning of January 1999 (voivodeship, district and community) all have certain defined environmental protection responsibilities which are cumulatively greater than before. Meanwhile there is a greater awareness in society of environmental issues, although it does not yet lead to a high level of participation in protection work. However, there are strongly-expressed opinions on the ecological acceptability of certain economic developments and conflicts are frequently arising within communities and local governments and also between investors on the one side and ecological organisations and environmental protection institutions on the other. Most controversial are new roads, power stations (like the Zarnowiec nuclear project) and reservoirs like the one on the Dunajec river at Czorsztyn. Local communities frequently resist plans for waste dumps, incinerating plants and other developments which are seen as injurious to health or the quality of life. The planned reprivatisation of the state-owned forests is also criticised by foresters and ecological movements. Conflicts are likely to grow as economic development accelerates but better information and greater public understanding of the need for sustainability should make for consensus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Tectonic analysis of mine tremor mechanisms from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin     

Grzegorz Sagan  Lesław Teper  Waclaw M. Zuberek 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,147(2):217-238

Fault network of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) is built of sets of strike-slip, oblique-slip and dip-slip faults. It is a typical product of force couple which acts evenly with the parallel of latitude, causing horizontal and anti-clockwise movement of rock-mass. Earlier research of focal mechanisms of mine tremors, using a standard fault plane solution, has shown that some events are related to tectonic directions in main structural units of the USCB. An attempt was undertaken to analyze the records of mine tremors from the period 1992–1994 in the selected coal fields. The digital records of about 200 mine tremors with energy larger than 1×10⁴ J (M _L >1.23) were analyzed with SMT software for seismic moment tensor inversion. The decomposition of seismic moment tensor of mine tremors was segmented into isotropic (I) part, compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) part and double-couple (DC) part. The DC part is prevalent (up to 70%) in the majority of quakes from the central region of the USCB. A group of mine tremors with large I element (up to 50%) can also be observed. The spatial orientation of the fault and auxiliary planes were obtained from the computations for the seismic moment DC part. Study of the DC part of the seismic moment tensor made it possible for us to separate the group of events which might be acknowledged to have their origin in unstable energy release on surfaces of faults forming a regional structural pattern. The possible influence of the Cainozoic tectonic history of the USCB on the recent shape of stress field is discussed.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Mark S. T. Bukowinski  Philip E. Wannamaker  Manfred Koch  Yukio Fujinawa  Dr. Pradeep Talwani  D. Möhlmann  Andrew H. Knoll  Lucia Lovison-Golob  Krzysztof Haman  Hanna Pawłowska  Henryk Piwkowski  Dr. Anthony Dore  Nguyen Xuan Huy  Edward R. Cook  Jan Błecki  Jacek Leliwa-Kopystynski  Magdalena Sroczynska-Kozuchowska 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(1):139-177

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Origin of magnetic minerals and natural remanent magnetization of basaltic rocks from Lower Silesia,Poland     

J. Kruczyk  M. Kądziałko-Hofmokl  M. Jeleńska 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,110(1):2031-2040

Summary Two groups of basaltic rocks with normal and reversed NRM were examined. It was found that in both groups the primary NRM, synchronous with the period of rock formation, is preserved. Relations of the primary NRM to the origin and the degree of oxidation of magnetic minerals were considered in detail.  相似文献   

Lunisolar Apsidal Resonances at low Satellite Orbits     

Sławomir Breiter 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1999,74(4):253-274

Eccentricity resonances between the secular motion of an Earth satellite's orbit and the longitudes of the Sun and the Moon are studied within a Hamiltonian framework. The problem is approximated in a traditional manner, with the Earth's potential including only the second zonal harmonic, and a Hill‐type approximation for perturbing bodies. For a family of 10 resonances, stable and unstable points are identified and libration widths are estimated. Numerical values are given for the maximum variation of eccentricity available at each resonance. The respective amplitudes of the perigee heights' librations range from 2 to 750 km. The resonances of the solar origin are generally stronger than their lunar counterparts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Gamma Emitters on Micro-Becquerel Activity Level in Air at Kraków (Poland)     

Sylwia Grabowska  Jerzy W. Mietelski  Krzysztof Kozak  Paweł Gaca 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,46(2):103-116

The Petryanov air filters combined into half-year sets were analyzed for the presence of ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ²²Na by means of low-background gamma rays spectrometry. Each sample contains aerosols from more than 1 Mm³ of air. Samples were collected in ground level air at Kraków (Southern Poland) from 1996 to 2002. Activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K are almost constant with the mean of 14.7± 4.5 Bq m^–3. Activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, which are on the level of single Bq m^{– 3} show exponential decrease with effective half-life time of 7.07± 0.77 years. The cosmogenic ²²Na shows a strong seasonal variation with significant different mean values activity concentration between 0.333± 0.095 Bq m^–3 and 0.137± 0.045 Bq m^–3, for summer and winter, respectively. Moreover, the activity ratio for two cosmogenic radionuclides: ²²Na and measured previously ⁷Be show also changes with statistically significant seasonal differences. The lower values were found during winters. The mechanisms which might govern this ratio are discussed. The conclusion is that transport of ²²Na during summer seems to be so much effective, that results in kind of relative depletion of stratosphere of this nuclide.  相似文献   

Extended Fundamental Model of Resonance     

Sławomir Breiter 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,85(3):209-218

Fundamental models are the simplest, one degree of freedom Hamiltonians that serve as a tool to understand the qualitative effects of various resonances. A new, extended fundamental model (EFM) is proposed in order to improve the classical, Andoyer type, second fundamental model (SFM). The EFM Hamiltonian differs from the SFM by the addition of a term with the third power of momentum; it depends on two free parameters. The new model is studied for the case of a first-order resonance, where up to five critical points can be present. Similarly, to the respective SFM, it admits only the saddle-node bifurcations of critical points, but its advantage lies in the capability of generating the separatrix bifurcations, known also as saddle connections. The reduction of parameters for the EFM has been performed in a way that allows the use of the model in the case of the so-called abnormal resonance.  相似文献   

Earth–Moon Separation Problem In The Motion Of Near Earth Asteroids     

Kankiewicz  Paweł 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,91(1):43-51

The analysis of application of two dynamical models (``Earth–Moon' and``barycentre' model) in the motion of Near Earth Asteroids was performed. Mainaim was the quantitative estimation of the influence of lunar perturbations on the motionof NEA. Additionally, basic tests of application of numerical methods weremade (RMVS3 and B–S methods). The orbits of 1083 Apollo–Aten–Amor and 7selected AAA objects were adopted as test particles in numerical integrationof the motion. The comparison between results obtained by both dynamicalmodels is discussed in detail. In specific cases, the application of the``Earth–Moon' dynamical model is very important and cannot be neglected incomputations of orbits.  相似文献   

Completely Integrable Systems Connected with Lie Algebras     

Stanisław P. Kasperczuk 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2000,76(4):215-227

In a recent paper Ballersteros and Ragnisco (1998) have proposed a new method of constructing integrable Hamiltonian systems. A new class of integrable systems may be devised using the following sequence: , where A is a Lie algebra is a Lie–Poisson structure on R ₃, C is a Casimir for is a reduced Poisson bracket and (A, ▵) is a bialgebra. We study the relation between a Lie-Poisson stucture Λ and a reduced Poisson bracket , which is a key element in using the Lie algebra A to constructing this sequence. New examples of Lie algebras and their related integrable Hamiltonian systems are given. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Long-term changes (1980–2003) in total ozone time series over Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes     

Małgorzata Białek 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(1):60-70

Long-term changes in total ozone time series for Arosa, Belsk, Boulder and Sapporo stations are examined. For each station we analyze time series of the following statistical characteristics of the distribution of daily ozone data: seasonal mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum of total daily ozone values for all seasons. The iterative statistical model is proposed to estimate trends and long-term changes in the statistical distribution of the daily total ozone data. The trends are calculated for the period 1980–2003. We observe lessening of negative trends in the seasonal means as compared to those calculated by WMO for 1980–2000. We discuss a possibility of a change of the distribution shape of ozone daily data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and comparing trend values in the seasonal mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum time series for the selected stations and seasons. The distribution shift toward lower values without a change in the distribution shape is suggested with the following exceptions: the spreading of the distribution toward lower values for Belsk during winter and no decisive result for Sapporo and Boulder in summer.  相似文献